IoT (Internet of Things) refers to a system of interrelated devices, objects, and other entities that are capable of collecting and exchanging data over the internet. Here are some common hardware and software components used in IoT systems:
Hardware Components:
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Sensors: These devices detect and measure various physical parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and light.
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Actuators: These components convert electrical signals into physical action. Examples include motors, relays, and solenoids.
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Microcontrollers: These small computers control the operation of IoT devices, and are often used to process data from sensors and communicate with other devices.
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Gateways: These are devices that connect IoT devices to the internet, and often perform data preprocessing or filtering before transmitting data to the cloud.
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Communication modules: These components allow IoT devices to communicate wirelessly over various networks such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or cellular networks.
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Power sources: IoT devices may be powered by batteries, solar panels, or other power sources that enable them to operate independently.
Software Components:
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Operating systems: IoT devices may run on specialized operating systems such as FreeRTOS, mbedOS, or Contiki, which are designed for low-power and resource-constrained devices.
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Firmware: This is software that is embedded in the hardware of an IoT device, and controls its basic functions.
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Cloud platforms: These are cloud-based services that enable IoT devices to store and process data, and provide analytics and insights.
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APIs: Application programming interfaces enable developers to access and manipulate data from IoT devices.
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Machine learning algorithms: These are software components that analyze data from IoT devices to identify patterns, detect anomalies, and make predictions.
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Security protocols: These are software components that protect IoT devices from unauthorized access or attacks, and ensure data privacy and integrity. Examples include SSL/TLS, OAuth, and AES encryption.
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